Summary

1. Secularism: a common paradigm – 2. The historical evolution of the dualism between the spiritual order and the temporal order: the reductio ad unitatem – 3. The development of dualitas – 4. The prevalence of separation – 5. The current legal translations of dualism – 6. For a new interpretation of dualism – 7. Ideas on the possible legal consequences of the new reading

Abstract

The paper examines the dualism between spiritual and temporal power both in State Laws and in Church Law  and intends to verify whether the dualistic principle can still form the basic principle in the relations of states with religious organisations and in the relations of the Church with political communities.